diff --git a/backend/alias/alias.go b/backend/alias/alias.go
index 873320e98..283ab1c09 100644
--- a/backend/alias/alias.go
+++ b/backend/alias/alias.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package alias
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ type Options struct {
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path.
 //
 // The returned Fs is the actual Fs, referenced by remote in the config
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
@@ -47,5 +48,5 @@ func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	if strings.HasPrefix(opt.Remote, name+":") {
 		return nil, errors.New("can't point alias remote at itself - check the value of the remote setting")
 	}
-	return cache.Get(fspath.JoinRootPath(opt.Remote, root))
+	return cache.Get(ctx, fspath.JoinRootPath(opt.Remote, root))
 }
diff --git a/backend/alias/alias_internal_test.go b/backend/alias/alias_internal_test.go
index 857bf1a37..46542c5f4 100644
--- a/backend/alias/alias_internal_test.go
+++ b/backend/alias/alias_internal_test.go
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ func TestNewFS(t *testing.T) {
 		remoteRoot, err := filepath.Abs(filepath.FromSlash(path.Join("test/files", test.remoteRoot)))
 		require.NoError(t, err, what)
 		prepare(t, remoteRoot)
-		f, err := fs.NewFs(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", remoteName, test.fsRoot))
+		f, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", remoteName, test.fsRoot))
 		require.NoError(t, err, what)
 		gotEntries, err := f.List(context.Background(), test.fsList)
 		require.NoError(t, err, what)
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ func TestNewFS(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestNewFSNoRemote(t *testing.T) {
 	prepare(t, "")
-	f, err := fs.NewFs(fmt.Sprintf("%s:", remoteName))
+	f, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), fmt.Sprintf("%s:", remoteName))
 
 	require.Error(t, err)
 	require.Nil(t, f)
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ func TestNewFSNoRemote(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestNewFSInvalidRemote(t *testing.T) {
 	prepare(t, "not_existing_test_remote:")
-	f, err := fs.NewFs(fmt.Sprintf("%s:", remoteName))
+	f, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), fmt.Sprintf("%s:", remoteName))
 
 	require.Error(t, err)
 	require.Nil(t, f)
diff --git a/backend/amazonclouddrive/amazonclouddrive.go b/backend/amazonclouddrive/amazonclouddrive.go
index 46cc02342..6a19fba60 100644
--- a/backend/amazonclouddrive/amazonclouddrive.go
+++ b/backend/amazonclouddrive/amazonclouddrive.go
@@ -239,8 +239,7 @@ func filterRequest(req *http.Request) {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
diff --git a/backend/azureblob/azureblob.go b/backend/azureblob/azureblob.go
index e62eea111..2de4f5e1f 100644
--- a/backend/azureblob/azureblob.go
+++ b/backend/azureblob/azureblob.go
@@ -379,8 +379,7 @@ func (f *Fs) setRoot(root string) {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
diff --git a/backend/b2/b2.go b/backend/b2/b2.go
index be32640ed..713653372 100644
--- a/backend/b2/b2.go
+++ b/backend/b2/b2.go
@@ -391,8 +391,7 @@ func (f *Fs) setRoot(root string) {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, bucket:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
diff --git a/backend/box/box.go b/backend/box/box.go
index c78219bc6..6a35fbcbb 100644
--- a/backend/box/box.go
+++ b/backend/box/box.go
@@ -372,8 +372,7 @@ func errorHandler(resp *http.Response) error {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
diff --git a/backend/cache/cache.go b/backend/cache/cache.go
index 44b788ca8..c103daa4d 100644
--- a/backend/cache/cache.go
+++ b/backend/cache/cache.go
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ func parseRootPath(path string) (string, error) {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, rootPath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rootPath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ func NewFs(name, rootPath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	}
 
 	remotePath := fspath.JoinRootPath(opt.Remote, rootPath)
-	wrappedFs, wrapErr := cache.Get(remotePath)
+	wrappedFs, wrapErr := cache.Get(ctx, remotePath)
 	if wrapErr != nil && wrapErr != fs.ErrorIsFile {
 		return nil, errors.Wrapf(wrapErr, "failed to make remote %q to wrap", remotePath)
 	}
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ func NewFs(name, rootPath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to create cache directory %v", f.opt.TempWritePath)
 		}
 		f.opt.TempWritePath = filepath.ToSlash(f.opt.TempWritePath)
-		f.tempFs, err = cache.Get(f.opt.TempWritePath)
+		f.tempFs, err = cache.Get(ctx, f.opt.TempWritePath)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to create temp fs: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ func NewFs(name, rootPath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	if doChangeNotify := wrappedFs.Features().ChangeNotify; doChangeNotify != nil {
 		pollInterval := make(chan time.Duration, 1)
 		pollInterval <- time.Duration(f.opt.ChunkCleanInterval)
-		doChangeNotify(context.Background(), f.receiveChangeNotify, pollInterval)
+		doChangeNotify(ctx, f.receiveChangeNotify, pollInterval)
 	}
 
 	f.features = (&fs.Features{
diff --git a/backend/cache/cache_internal_test.go b/backend/cache/cache_internal_test.go
index 515849a26..4d8e8643b 100644
--- a/backend/cache/cache_internal_test.go
+++ b/backend/cache/cache_internal_test.go
@@ -932,7 +932,7 @@ func (r *run) newCacheFs(t *testing.T, remote, id string, needRemote, purge bool
 		boltDb.PurgeTempUploads()
 		_ = os.RemoveAll(path.Join(runInstance.tmpUploadDir, id))
 	}
-	f, err := cache.NewFs(remote, id, m)
+	f, err := cache.NewFs(context.Background(), remote, id, m)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	cfs, err := r.getCacheFs(f)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
diff --git a/backend/chunker/chunker.go b/backend/chunker/chunker.go
index ed01ecbdc..c489da96f 100644
--- a/backend/chunker/chunker.go
+++ b/backend/chunker/chunker.go
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ It has the following fields: ver, size, nchunks, md5, sha1.`,
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, rpath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rpath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ func NewFs(name, rpath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	}
 	// Look for a file first
 	remotePath := fspath.JoinRootPath(basePath, rpath)
-	baseFs, err := cache.Get(baseName + remotePath)
+	baseFs, err := cache.Get(ctx, baseName+remotePath)
 	if err != fs.ErrorIsFile && err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to make remote %q to wrap", baseName+remotePath)
 	}
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ func NewFs(name, rpath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// (yet can't satisfy fstest.CheckListing, will ignore)
 	if err == nil && !f.useMeta && strings.Contains(rpath, "/") {
 		firstChunkPath := f.makeChunkName(remotePath, 0, "", "")
-		_, testErr := cache.Get(baseName + firstChunkPath)
+		_, testErr := cache.Get(ctx, baseName+firstChunkPath)
 		if testErr == fs.ErrorIsFile {
 			err = testErr
 		}
diff --git a/backend/crypt/crypt.go b/backend/crypt/crypt.go
index f94de0a49..ec583e52d 100644
--- a/backend/crypt/crypt.go
+++ b/backend/crypt/crypt.go
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func NewCipher(m configmap.Mapper) (*Cipher, error) {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, rpath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rpath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
@@ -166,14 +166,14 @@ func NewFs(name, rpath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Look for a file first
 	var wrappedFs fs.Fs
 	if rpath == "" {
-		wrappedFs, err = cache.Get(remote)
+		wrappedFs, err = cache.Get(ctx, remote)
 	} else {
 		remotePath := fspath.JoinRootPath(remote, cipher.EncryptFileName(rpath))
-		wrappedFs, err = cache.Get(remotePath)
+		wrappedFs, err = cache.Get(ctx, remotePath)
 		// if that didn't produce a file, look for a directory
 		if err != fs.ErrorIsFile {
 			remotePath = fspath.JoinRootPath(remote, cipher.EncryptDirName(rpath))
-			wrappedFs, err = cache.Get(remotePath)
+			wrappedFs, err = cache.Get(ctx, remotePath)
 		}
 	}
 	if err != fs.ErrorIsFile && err != nil {
diff --git a/backend/crypt/crypt_internal_test.go b/backend/crypt/crypt_internal_test.go
index 554c6c57b..2f7f1f8b3 100644
--- a/backend/crypt/crypt_internal_test.go
+++ b/backend/crypt/crypt_internal_test.go
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func (o testWrapper) UnWrap() fs.Object {
 // Create a temporary local fs to upload things from
 
 func makeTempLocalFs(t *testing.T) (localFs fs.Fs, cleanup func()) {
-	localFs, err := fs.TemporaryLocalFs()
+	localFs, err := fs.TemporaryLocalFs(context.Background())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	cleanup = func() {
 		require.NoError(t, localFs.Rmdir(context.Background(), ""))
diff --git a/backend/drive/drive.go b/backend/drive/drive.go
index 570526e60..a198c373d 100755
--- a/backend/drive/drive.go
+++ b/backend/drive/drive.go
@@ -1129,8 +1129,7 @@ func newFs(name, path string, m configmap.Mapper) (*Fs, error) {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, path string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, path string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	f, err := newFs(name, path, m)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -3000,7 +2999,7 @@ func (f *Fs) copyID(ctx context.Context, id, dest string) (err error) {
 	if destLeaf == "" {
 		destLeaf = info.Name
 	}
-	dstFs, err := cache.Get(destDir)
+	dstFs, err := cache.Get(ctx, destDir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -3187,7 +3186,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Command(ctx context.Context, name string, arg []string, opt map[str
 		dstFs := f
 		target, ok := opt["target"]
 		if ok {
-			targetFs, err := cache.Get(target)
+			targetFs, err := cache.Get(ctx, target)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't find target")
 			}
diff --git a/backend/drive/drive_internal_test.go b/backend/drive/drive_internal_test.go
index 4a1423eb0..e78a717a6 100644
--- a/backend/drive/drive_internal_test.go
+++ b/backend/drive/drive_internal_test.go
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ func (f *Fs) InternalTestDocumentImport(t *testing.T) {
 	testFilesPath, err := filepath.Abs(filepath.FromSlash("test/files"))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	testFilesFs, err := fs.NewFs(testFilesPath)
+	testFilesFs, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), testFilesPath)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	_, f.importMimeTypes, err = parseExtensions("odt,ods,doc")
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ func (f *Fs) InternalTestDocumentUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 	testFilesPath, err := filepath.Abs(filepath.FromSlash("test/files"))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	testFilesFs, err := fs.NewFs(testFilesPath)
+	testFilesFs, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), testFilesPath)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	_, f.importMimeTypes, err = parseExtensions("odt,ods,doc")
diff --git a/backend/dropbox/dropbox.go b/backend/dropbox/dropbox.go
index 9a51b3c5c..411387e62 100755
--- a/backend/dropbox/dropbox.go
+++ b/backend/dropbox/dropbox.go
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ func (f *Fs) setUploadChunkSize(cs fs.SizeSuffix) (old fs.SizeSuffix, err error)
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
diff --git a/backend/fichier/fichier.go b/backend/fichier/fichier.go
index 31f17088a..0f000af29 100644
--- a/backend/fichier/fichier.go
+++ b/backend/fichier/fichier.go
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Features() *fs.Features {
 //
 // On Windows avoid single character remote names as they can be mixed
 // up with drive letters.
-func NewFs(name string, root string, config configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name string, root string, config configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(config, opt)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -203,8 +203,6 @@ func NewFs(name string, root string, config configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 
 	f.dirCache = dircache.New(root, rootID, f)
 
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
 	// Find the current root
 	err = f.dirCache.FindRoot(ctx, false)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/backend/ftp/ftp.go b/backend/ftp/ftp.go
index dd21fdc49..df7d4dcf5 100644
--- a/backend/ftp/ftp.go
+++ b/backend/ftp/ftp.go
@@ -300,8 +300,7 @@ func (f *Fs) putFtpConnection(pc **ftp.ServerConn, err error) {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (ff fs.Fs, err error) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (ff fs.Fs, err error) {
 	// defer fs.Trace(nil, "name=%q, root=%q", name, root)("fs=%v, err=%v", &ff, &err)
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
diff --git a/backend/googlecloudstorage/googlecloudstorage.go b/backend/googlecloudstorage/googlecloudstorage.go
index a2e143f04..a0cc41ce5 100644
--- a/backend/googlecloudstorage/googlecloudstorage.go
+++ b/backend/googlecloudstorage/googlecloudstorage.go
@@ -386,8 +386,7 @@ func (f *Fs) setRoot(root string) {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, bucket:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
-	ctx := context.TODO()
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	var oAuthClient *http.Client
 
 	// Parse config into Options struct
diff --git a/backend/googlephotos/googlephotos.go b/backend/googlephotos/googlephotos.go
index a7674a2b5..603f81641 100644
--- a/backend/googlephotos/googlephotos.go
+++ b/backend/googlephotos/googlephotos.go
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ func errorHandler(resp *http.Response) error {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, bucket:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 		var leaf string
 		f.root, leaf = path.Split(f.root)
 		f.root = strings.TrimRight(f.root, "/")
-		_, err := f.NewObject(context.TODO(), leaf)
+		_, err := f.NewObject(ctx, leaf)
 		if err == nil {
 			return f, fs.ErrorIsFile
 		}
diff --git a/backend/googlephotos/googlephotos_test.go b/backend/googlephotos/googlephotos_test.go
index 65e811346..c65a02700 100644
--- a/backend/googlephotos/googlephotos_test.go
+++ b/backend/googlephotos/googlephotos_test.go
@@ -35,14 +35,14 @@ func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 	if *fstest.RemoteName == "" {
 		*fstest.RemoteName = "TestGooglePhotos:"
 	}
-	f, err := fs.NewFs(*fstest.RemoteName)
+	f, err := fs.NewFs(ctx, *fstest.RemoteName)
 	if err == fs.ErrorNotFoundInConfigFile {
 		t.Skip(fmt.Sprintf("Couldn't create google photos backend - skipping tests: %v", err))
 	}
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Create local Fs pointing at testfiles
-	localFs, err := fs.NewFs("testfiles")
+	localFs, err := fs.NewFs(ctx, "testfiles")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	t.Run("CreateAlbum", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 			})
 
 			t.Run("NewFsIsFile", func(t *testing.T) {
-				fNew, err := fs.NewFs(*fstest.RemoteName + remote)
+				fNew, err := fs.NewFs(ctx, *fstest.RemoteName+remote)
 				assert.Equal(t, fs.ErrorIsFile, err)
 				leaf := path.Base(remote)
 				o, err := fNew.NewObject(ctx, leaf)
diff --git a/backend/http/http.go b/backend/http/http.go
index 884b9375d..1b342c84a 100644
--- a/backend/http/http.go
+++ b/backend/http/http.go
@@ -145,8 +145,7 @@ func statusError(res *http.Response, err error) error {
 
 // NewFs creates a new Fs object from the name and root. It connects to
 // the host specified in the config file.
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
-	ctx := context.TODO()
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
diff --git a/backend/http/http_internal_test.go b/backend/http/http_internal_test.go
index e62a02b98..92017a389 100644
--- a/backend/http/http_internal_test.go
+++ b/backend/http/http_internal_test.go
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func prepare(t *testing.T) (fs.Fs, func()) {
 	m, tidy := prepareServer(t)
 
 	// Instantiate it
-	f, err := NewFs(remoteName, "", m)
+	f, err := NewFs(context.Background(), remoteName, "", m)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	return f, tidy
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ func TestIsAFileRoot(t *testing.T) {
 	m, tidy := prepareServer(t)
 	defer tidy()
 
-	f, err := NewFs(remoteName, "one%.txt", m)
+	f, err := NewFs(context.Background(), remoteName, "one%.txt", m)
 	assert.Equal(t, err, fs.ErrorIsFile)
 
 	testListRoot(t, f, false)
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ func TestIsAFileSubDir(t *testing.T) {
 	m, tidy := prepareServer(t)
 	defer tidy()
 
-	f, err := NewFs(remoteName, "three/underthree.txt", m)
+	f, err := NewFs(context.Background(), remoteName, "three/underthree.txt", m)
 	assert.Equal(t, err, fs.ErrorIsFile)
 
 	entries, err := f.List(context.Background(), "")
diff --git a/backend/hubic/hubic.go b/backend/hubic/hubic.go
index 818586e24..6d1956ca9 100644
--- a/backend/hubic/hubic.go
+++ b/backend/hubic/hubic.go
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ func (f *Fs) getCredentials(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	client, _, err := oauthutil.NewClient(name, m, oauthConfig)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to configure Hubic")
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	}
 
 	// Make inner swift Fs from the connection
-	swiftFs, err := swift.NewFsWithConnection(opt, name, root, c, true)
+	swiftFs, err := swift.NewFsWithConnection(ctx, opt, name, root, c, true)
 	if err != nil && err != fs.ErrorIsFile {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/backend/jottacloud/jottacloud.go b/backend/jottacloud/jottacloud.go
index d3a3b92e7..9bf688d63 100644
--- a/backend/jottacloud/jottacloud.go
+++ b/backend/jottacloud/jottacloud.go
@@ -641,8 +641,7 @@ func grantTypeFilter(req *http.Request) {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
-	ctx := context.TODO()
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
diff --git a/backend/koofr/koofr.go b/backend/koofr/koofr.go
index f51368513..4775fc696 100644
--- a/backend/koofr/koofr.go
+++ b/backend/koofr/koofr.go
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ func (f *Fs) fullPath(part string) string {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs a new filesystem given a root path and configuration options
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (ff fs.Fs, err error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (ff fs.Fs, err error) {
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err = configstruct.Set(m, opt)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/backend/local/local.go b/backend/local/local.go
index 511c89c35..91eb4dbae 100644
--- a/backend/local/local.go
+++ b/backend/local/local.go
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ type Object struct {
 var errLinksAndCopyLinks = errors.New("can't use -l/--links with -L/--copy-links")
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
diff --git a/backend/local/local_internal_test.go b/backend/local/local_internal_test.go
index f5e651398..65b85712b 100644
--- a/backend/local/local_internal_test.go
+++ b/backend/local/local_internal_test.go
@@ -163,6 +163,6 @@ func TestSymlinkError(t *testing.T) {
 		"links":      "true",
 		"copy_links": "true",
 	}
-	_, err := NewFs("local", "/", m)
+	_, err := NewFs(context.Background(), "local", "/", m)
 	assert.Equal(t, errLinksAndCopyLinks, err)
 }
diff --git a/backend/mailru/mailru.go b/backend/mailru/mailru.go
index 31b965c6c..9c51ac075 100644
--- a/backend/mailru/mailru.go
+++ b/backend/mailru/mailru.go
@@ -294,9 +294,8 @@ type Fs struct {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// fs.Debugf(nil, ">>> NewFs %q %q", name, root)
-	ctx := context.Background() // Note: NewFs does not pass context!
 
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
@@ -1662,7 +1661,7 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 
 	// Attempt to put by hash using a spool file
 	if trySpeedup {
-		tmpFs, err := fs.TemporaryLocalFs()
+		tmpFs, err := fs.TemporaryLocalFs(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			fs.Infof(tmpFs, "Failed to create spool FS: %v", err)
 		} else {
diff --git a/backend/mega/mega.go b/backend/mega/mega.go
index b3f7ed54f..91fac4ce0 100644
--- a/backend/mega/mega.go
+++ b/backend/mega/mega.go
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ func (f *Fs) readMetaDataForPath(remote string) (info *mega.Node, err error) {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
diff --git a/backend/memory/memory.go b/backend/memory/memory.go
index 96df12160..5a5c9510e 100644
--- a/backend/memory/memory.go
+++ b/backend/memory/memory.go
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ func (f *Fs) setRoot(root string) {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, bucket:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
diff --git a/backend/onedrive/onedrive.go b/backend/onedrive/onedrive.go
index 8f3f5e69d..1697ad6f1 100755
--- a/backend/onedrive/onedrive.go
+++ b/backend/onedrive/onedrive.go
@@ -596,8 +596,7 @@ func (f *Fs) setUploadChunkSize(cs fs.SizeSuffix) (old fs.SizeSuffix, err error)
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
diff --git a/backend/opendrive/opendrive.go b/backend/opendrive/opendrive.go
index 4c7dd3f7d..c71e7e888 100644
--- a/backend/opendrive/opendrive.go
+++ b/backend/opendrive/opendrive.go
@@ -164,8 +164,7 @@ func (f *Fs) DirCacheFlush() {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, bucket:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
diff --git a/backend/pcloud/pcloud.go b/backend/pcloud/pcloud.go
index d12410954..f6d42dd26 100644
--- a/backend/pcloud/pcloud.go
+++ b/backend/pcloud/pcloud.go
@@ -280,8 +280,7 @@ func errorHandler(resp *http.Response) error {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
diff --git a/backend/premiumizeme/premiumizeme.go b/backend/premiumizeme/premiumizeme.go
index c4e6b9988..a6df563c2 100644
--- a/backend/premiumizeme/premiumizeme.go
+++ b/backend/premiumizeme/premiumizeme.go
@@ -234,8 +234,7 @@ func (f *Fs) baseParams() url.Values {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
diff --git a/backend/putio/fs.go b/backend/putio/fs.go
index 0f24c65a9..0d2b87478 100644
--- a/backend/putio/fs.go
+++ b/backend/putio/fs.go
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ func parsePath(path string) (root string) {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (f fs.Fs, err error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (f fs.Fs, err error) {
 	// defer log.Trace(name, "root=%v", root)("f=%+v, err=%v", &f, &err)
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
@@ -97,7 +97,6 @@ func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (f fs.Fs, err error) {
 		CanHaveEmptyDirectories: true,
 	}).Fill(p)
 	p.dirCache = dircache.New(root, "0", p)
-	ctx := context.Background()
 	// Find the current root
 	err = p.dirCache.FindRoot(ctx, false)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/backend/qingstor/qingstor.go b/backend/qingstor/qingstor.go
index ce5fb9665..88387db95 100644
--- a/backend/qingstor/qingstor.go
+++ b/backend/qingstor/qingstor.go
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ func (f *Fs) setRoot(root string) {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, bucket:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
diff --git a/backend/s3/s3.go b/backend/s3/s3.go
index 2086eb36c..75511371f 100644
--- a/backend/s3/s3.go
+++ b/backend/s3/s3.go
@@ -1569,7 +1569,7 @@ func (f *Fs) setRoot(root string) {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, bucket:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
diff --git a/backend/seafile/seafile.go b/backend/seafile/seafile.go
index 628f89240..ee0e35668 100644
--- a/backend/seafile/seafile.go
+++ b/backend/seafile/seafile.go
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ type Fs struct {
 // ------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
@@ -205,7 +205,6 @@ func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 		BucketBased:             opt.LibraryName == "",
 	}).Fill(f)
 
-	ctx := context.Background()
 	serverInfo, err := f.getServerInfo(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
diff --git a/backend/sftp/sftp.go b/backend/sftp/sftp.go
index bc7b55f40..ee6a6892c 100644
--- a/backend/sftp/sftp.go
+++ b/backend/sftp/sftp.go
@@ -413,12 +413,11 @@ func (f *Fs) putSftpConnection(pc **conn, err error) {
 
 // NewFs creates a new Fs object from the name and root. It connects to
 // the host specified in the config file.
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// This will hold the Fs object.  We need to create it here
 	// so we can refer to it in the SSH callback, but it's populated
 	// in NewFsWithConnection
 	f := &Fs{}
-	ctx := context.Background()
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
diff --git a/backend/sharefile/sharefile.go b/backend/sharefile/sharefile.go
index b599bddec..252c8f129 100644
--- a/backend/sharefile/sharefile.go
+++ b/backend/sharefile/sharefile.go
@@ -410,8 +410,7 @@ func (f *Fs) setUploadCutoff(cs fs.SizeSuffix) (old fs.SizeSuffix, err error) {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
diff --git a/backend/sugarsync/sugarsync.go b/backend/sugarsync/sugarsync.go
index c81042480..de553ba2a 100644
--- a/backend/sugarsync/sugarsync.go
+++ b/backend/sugarsync/sugarsync.go
@@ -395,9 +395,7 @@ func parseExpiry(expiryString string) time.Time {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/backend/swift/swift.go b/backend/swift/swift.go
index 68ffeefd3..01f11e467 100644
--- a/backend/swift/swift.go
+++ b/backend/swift/swift.go
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ func (f *Fs) setRoot(root string) {
 //
 // if noCheckContainer is set then the Fs won't check the container
 // exists before creating it.
-func NewFsWithConnection(opt *Options, name, root string, c *swift.Connection, noCheckContainer bool) (fs.Fs, error) {
+func NewFsWithConnection(ctx context.Context, opt *Options, name, root string, c *swift.Connection, noCheckContainer bool) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	f := &Fs{
 		name:             name,
 		opt:              *opt,
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ func NewFsWithConnection(opt *Options, name, root string, c *swift.Connection, n
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return NewFsWithConnection(opt, name, root, c, false)
+	return NewFsWithConnection(ctx, opt, name, root, c, false)
 }
 
 // Return an Object from a path
diff --git a/backend/tardigrade/fs.go b/backend/tardigrade/fs.go
index caf203d39..11d36189f 100644
--- a/backend/tardigrade/fs.go
+++ b/backend/tardigrade/fs.go
@@ -165,9 +165,7 @@ var (
 )
 
 // NewFs creates a filesystem backed by Tardigrade.
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (_ fs.Fs, err error) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (_ fs.Fs, err error) {
 	// Setup filesystem and connection to Tardigrade
 	root = norm.NFC.String(root)
 	root = strings.Trim(root, "/")
diff --git a/backend/union/union.go b/backend/union/union.go
index 02174734a..9dd501260 100644
--- a/backend/union/union.go
+++ b/backend/union/union.go
@@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ func (f *Fs) mergeDirEntries(entriesList [][]upstream.Entry) (fs.DirEntries, err
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path.
 //
 // The returned Fs is the actual Fs, referenced by remote in the config
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	errs := Errors(make([]error, len(opt.Upstreams)))
 	multithread(len(opt.Upstreams), func(i int) {
 		u := opt.Upstreams[i]
-		upstreams[i], errs[i] = upstream.New(u, root, time.Duration(opt.CacheTime)*time.Second)
+		upstreams[i], errs[i] = upstream.New(ctx, u, root, time.Duration(opt.CacheTime)*time.Second)
 	})
 	var usedUpstreams []*upstream.Fs
 	var fserr error
diff --git a/backend/union/upstream/upstream.go b/backend/union/upstream/upstream.go
index 4360b0b25..1c2c0417f 100644
--- a/backend/union/upstream/upstream.go
+++ b/backend/union/upstream/upstream.go
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ type Entry interface {
 
 // New creates a new Fs based on the
 // string formatted `type:root_path(:ro/:nc)`
-func New(remote, root string, cacheTime time.Duration) (*Fs, error) {
+func New(ctx context.Context, remote, root string, cacheTime time.Duration) (*Fs, error) {
 	_, configName, fsPath, err := fs.ParseRemote(remote)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -86,13 +86,13 @@ func New(remote, root string, cacheTime time.Duration) (*Fs, error) {
 	if configName != "local" {
 		fsPath = configName + ":" + fsPath
 	}
-	rFs, err := cache.Get(fsPath)
+	rFs, err := cache.Get(ctx, fsPath)
 	if err != nil && err != fs.ErrorIsFile {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	f.RootFs = rFs
 	rootString := path.Join(fsPath, filepath.ToSlash(root))
-	myFs, err := cache.Get(rootString)
+	myFs, err := cache.Get(ctx, rootString)
 	if err != nil && err != fs.ErrorIsFile {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/backend/webdav/webdav.go b/backend/webdav/webdav.go
index bbf8bc729..c65625e64 100644
--- a/backend/webdav/webdav.go
+++ b/backend/webdav/webdav.go
@@ -299,8 +299,7 @@ func (o *Object) filePath() string {
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
diff --git a/backend/yandex/yandex.go b/backend/yandex/yandex.go
index e5eba1a83..52fc25a96 100644
--- a/backend/yandex/yandex.go
+++ b/backend/yandex/yandex.go
@@ -237,8 +237,7 @@ func (f *Fs) readMetaDataForPath(ctx context.Context, path string, options *api.
 }
 
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
-	ctx := context.TODO()
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
diff --git a/cmd/backend/backend.go b/cmd/backend/backend.go
index e10b48163..190dd15fc 100644
--- a/cmd/backend/backend.go
+++ b/cmd/backend/backend.go
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Note to run these commands on a running backend then see
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-			f, err := fsInfo.NewFs(configName, fsPath, config)
+			f, err := fsInfo.NewFs(context.Background(), configName, fsPath, config)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
diff --git a/cmd/cmd.go b/cmd/cmd.go
index 309536410..85a361a74 100644
--- a/cmd/cmd.go
+++ b/cmd/cmd.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ package cmd
 // would probably mean bringing all the flags in to here? Or define some flagsets in fs...
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
 	"math/rand"
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ func NewFsFile(remote string) (fs.Fs, string) {
 		err = fs.CountError(err)
 		log.Fatalf("Failed to create file system for %q: %v", remote, err)
 	}
-	f, err := cache.Get(remote)
+	f, err := cache.Get(context.Background(), remote)
 	switch err {
 	case fs.ErrorIsFile:
 		cache.Pin(f) // pin indefinitely since it was on the CLI
@@ -138,7 +139,7 @@ func NewFsSrc(args []string) fs.Fs {
 //
 // This must point to a directory
 func newFsDir(remote string) fs.Fs {
-	f, err := cache.Get(remote)
+	f, err := cache.Get(context.Background(), remote)
 	if err != nil {
 		err = fs.CountError(err)
 		log.Fatalf("Failed to create file system for %q: %v", remote, err)
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ func NewFsSrcDstFiles(args []string) (fsrc fs.Fs, srcFileName string, fdst fs.Fs
 			log.Fatalf("%q is a directory", args[1])
 		}
 	}
-	fdst, err := cache.Get(dstRemote)
+	fdst, err := cache.Get(context.Background(), dstRemote)
 	switch err {
 	case fs.ErrorIsFile:
 		_ = fs.CountError(err)
@@ -400,7 +401,7 @@ func initConfig() {
 	}
 
 	// Start the remote control server if configured
-	_, err = rcserver.Start(&rcflags.Opt)
+	_, err = rcserver.Start(context.Background(), &rcflags.Opt)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatalf("Failed to start remote control: %v", err)
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/lsf/lsf_test.go b/cmd/lsf/lsf_test.go
index 1b2ef0d97..72c0853b0 100644
--- a/cmd/lsf/lsf_test.go
+++ b/cmd/lsf/lsf_test.go
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ func TestDefaultLsf(t *testing.T) {
 	fstest.Initialise()
 	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
 
-	f, err := fs.NewFs("testfiles")
+	f, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), "testfiles")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	err = Lsf(context.Background(), f, buf)
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func TestRecurseFlag(t *testing.T) {
 	fstest.Initialise()
 	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
 
-	f, err := fs.NewFs("testfiles")
+	f, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), "testfiles")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	recurse = true
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func TestDirSlashFlag(t *testing.T) {
 	fstest.Initialise()
 	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
 
-	f, err := fs.NewFs("testfiles")
+	f, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), "testfiles")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	dirSlash = true
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ subdir
 
 func TestFormat(t *testing.T) {
 	fstest.Initialise()
-	f, err := fs.NewFs("testfiles")
+	f, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), "testfiles")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ file3
 
 func TestSeparator(t *testing.T) {
 	fstest.Initialise()
-	f, err := fs.NewFs("testfiles")
+	f, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), "testfiles")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	format = "ps"
 
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ subdir__SEP__-1
 
 func TestWholeLsf(t *testing.T) {
 	fstest.Initialise()
-	f, err := fs.NewFs("testfiles")
+	f, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), "testfiles")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	format = "pst"
 	separator = "_+_"
diff --git a/cmd/mountlib/rc.go b/cmd/mountlib/rc.go
index c492aad0a..728c94b73 100644
--- a/cmd/mountlib/rc.go
+++ b/cmd/mountlib/rc.go
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ The vfsOpt are as described in options/get and can be seen in the the
 }
 
 // mountRc allows the mount command to be run from rc
-func mountRc(_ context.Context, in rc.Params) (out rc.Params, err error) {
+func mountRc(ctx context.Context, in rc.Params) (out rc.Params, err error) {
 	mountPoint, err := in.GetString("mountPoint")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ func mountRc(_ context.Context, in rc.Params) (out rc.Params, err error) {
 	}
 
 	// Get Fs.fs to be mounted from fs parameter in the params
-	fdst, err := rc.GetFs(in)
+	fdst, err := rc.GetFs(ctx, in)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/rcd/rcd.go b/cmd/rcd/rcd.go
index 240b6a272..c12efd9e9 100644
--- a/cmd/rcd/rcd.go
+++ b/cmd/rcd/rcd.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package rcd
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"log"
 
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/cmd"
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ See the [rc documentation](/rc/) for more info on the rc flags.
 			rcflags.Opt.Files = args[0]
 		}
 
-		s, err := rcserver.Start(&rcflags.Opt)
+		s, err := rcserver.Start(context.Background(), &rcflags.Opt)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Fatalf("Failed to start remote control: %v", err)
 		}
diff --git a/cmd/serve/dlna/dlna_test.go b/cmd/serve/dlna/dlna_test.go
index 540a59b44..193a76684 100644
--- a/cmd/serve/dlna/dlna_test.go
+++ b/cmd/serve/dlna/dlna_test.go
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func startServer(t *testing.T, f fs.Fs) {
 func TestInit(t *testing.T) {
 	config.LoadConfig()
 
-	f, err := fs.NewFs("testdata/files")
+	f, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), "testdata/files")
 	l, _ := f.List(context.Background(), "")
 	fmt.Println(l)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
diff --git a/cmd/serve/ftp/ftp.go b/cmd/serve/ftp/ftp.go
index 22cee3ef6..195b0ef76 100644
--- a/cmd/serve/ftp/ftp.go
+++ b/cmd/serve/ftp/ftp.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 package ftp
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net"
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ You can set a single username and password with the --user and --pass flags.
 			cmd.CheckArgs(0, 0, command, args)
 		}
 		cmd.Run(false, false, command, func() error {
-			s, err := newServer(f, &Opt)
+			s, err := newServer(context.Background(), f, &Opt)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -114,13 +115,14 @@ You can set a single username and password with the --user and --pass flags.
 type server struct {
 	f     fs.Fs
 	srv   *ftp.Server
+	ctx   context.Context // for global config
 	opt   Options
 	vfs   *vfs.VFS
 	proxy *proxy.Proxy
 }
 
 // Make a new FTP to serve the remote
-func newServer(f fs.Fs, opt *Options) (*server, error) {
+func newServer(ctx context.Context, f fs.Fs, opt *Options) (*server, error) {
 	host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(opt.ListenAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.New("Failed to parse host:port")
@@ -132,10 +134,11 @@ func newServer(f fs.Fs, opt *Options) (*server, error) {
 
 	s := &server{
 		f:   f,
+		ctx: ctx,
 		opt: *opt,
 	}
 	if proxyflags.Opt.AuthProxy != "" {
-		s.proxy = proxy.New(&proxyflags.Opt)
+		s.proxy = proxy.New(ctx, &proxyflags.Opt)
 	} else {
 		s.vfs = vfs.New(f, &vfsflags.Opt)
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/serve/ftp/ftp_test.go b/cmd/serve/ftp/ftp_test.go
index ee3e65ec6..186b0fb34 100644
--- a/cmd/serve/ftp/ftp_test.go
+++ b/cmd/serve/ftp/ftp_test.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 package ftp
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"testing"
 
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/local"
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ func TestFTP(t *testing.T) {
 		opt.BasicUser = testUSER
 		opt.BasicPass = testPASS
 
-		w, err := newServer(f, &opt)
+		w, err := newServer(context.Background(), f, &opt)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 		quit := make(chan struct{})
diff --git a/cmd/serve/http/http_test.go b/cmd/serve/http/http_test.go
index 269f56237..b4d234265 100644
--- a/cmd/serve/http/http_test.go
+++ b/cmd/serve/http/http_test.go
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ func TestInit(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, filter.Active.AddRule("- hidden/**"))
 
 	// Create a test Fs
-	f, err := fs.NewFs("testdata/files")
+	f, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), "testdata/files")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// set date of datedObject to expectedTime
diff --git a/cmd/serve/proxy/proxy.go b/cmd/serve/proxy/proxy.go
index ff5730145..e55233fef 100644
--- a/cmd/serve/proxy/proxy.go
+++ b/cmd/serve/proxy/proxy.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package proxy
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"crypto/subtle"
 	"encoding/json"
@@ -118,6 +119,7 @@ var DefaultOpt = Options{
 type Proxy struct {
 	cmdLine  []string // broken down command line
 	vfsCache *libcache.Cache
+	ctx      context.Context // for global config
 	Opt      Options
 }
 
@@ -128,8 +130,9 @@ type cacheEntry struct {
 }
 
 // New creates a new proxy with the Options passed in
-func New(opt *Options) *Proxy {
+func New(ctx context.Context, opt *Options) *Proxy {
 	return &Proxy{
+		ctx:      ctx,
 		Opt:      *opt,
 		cmdLine:  strings.Fields(opt.AuthProxy),
 		vfsCache: libcache.New(),
@@ -220,7 +223,7 @@ func (p *Proxy) call(user, auth string, isPublicKey bool) (value interface{}, er
 	// Look for fs in the VFS cache
 	value, err = p.vfsCache.Get(user, func(key string) (value interface{}, ok bool, err error) {
 		// Create the Fs from the cache
-		f, err := cache.GetFn(fsString, func(fsString string) (fs.Fs, error) {
+		f, err := cache.GetFn(p.ctx, fsString, func(ctx context.Context, fsString string) (fs.Fs, error) {
 			// Update the config with the default values
 			for i := range fsInfo.Options {
 				o := &fsInfo.Options[i]
@@ -228,7 +231,7 @@ func (p *Proxy) call(user, auth string, isPublicKey bool) (value interface{}, er
 					config.Set(o.Name, o.String())
 				}
 			}
-			return fsInfo.NewFs(name, root, config)
+			return fsInfo.NewFs(ctx, name, root, config)
 		})
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, false, err
diff --git a/cmd/serve/proxy/proxy_test.go b/cmd/serve/proxy/proxy_test.go
index 5e52e4b11..1488e7406 100644
--- a/cmd/serve/proxy/proxy_test.go
+++ b/cmd/serve/proxy/proxy_test.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package proxy
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"crypto/rsa"
 	"crypto/sha256"
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ func TestRun(t *testing.T) {
 	opt := DefaultOpt
 	cmd := "go run proxy_code.go"
 	opt.AuthProxy = cmd
-	p := New(&opt)
+	p := New(context.Background(), &opt)
 
 	t.Run("Normal", func(t *testing.T) {
 		config, err := p.run(map[string]string{
diff --git a/cmd/serve/sftp/server.go b/cmd/serve/sftp/server.go
index 2899f2f55..e76d4652e 100644
--- a/cmd/serve/sftp/server.go
+++ b/cmd/serve/sftp/server.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ package sftp
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"crypto/rsa"
 	"crypto/subtle"
@@ -33,20 +34,22 @@ type server struct {
 	f        fs.Fs
 	opt      Options
 	vfs      *vfs.VFS
+	ctx      context.Context // for global config
 	config   *ssh.ServerConfig
 	listener net.Listener
 	waitChan chan struct{} // for waiting on the listener to close
 	proxy    *proxy.Proxy
 }
 
-func newServer(f fs.Fs, opt *Options) *server {
+func newServer(ctx context.Context, f fs.Fs, opt *Options) *server {
 	s := &server{
 		f:        f,
+		ctx:      ctx,
 		opt:      *opt,
 		waitChan: make(chan struct{}),
 	}
 	if proxyflags.Opt.AuthProxy != "" {
-		s.proxy = proxy.New(&proxyflags.Opt)
+		s.proxy = proxy.New(ctx, &proxyflags.Opt)
 	} else {
 		s.vfs = vfs.New(f, &vfsflags.Opt)
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/serve/sftp/sftp.go b/cmd/serve/sftp/sftp.go
index 8395de48c..13ddef6bf 100644
--- a/cmd/serve/sftp/sftp.go
+++ b/cmd/serve/sftp/sftp.go
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 package sftp
 
 import (
+	"context"
+
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/cmd"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/cmd/serve/proxy"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/cmd/serve/proxy/proxyflags"
@@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ sftp backend, but it may not be with other SFTP clients.
 			cmd.CheckArgs(0, 0, command, args)
 		}
 		cmd.Run(false, true, command, func() error {
-			s := newServer(f, &Opt)
+			s := newServer(context.Background(), f, &Opt)
 			err := s.Serve()
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
diff --git a/cmd/serve/sftp/sftp_test.go b/cmd/serve/sftp/sftp_test.go
index baa81c196..19ff69f41 100644
--- a/cmd/serve/sftp/sftp_test.go
+++ b/cmd/serve/sftp/sftp_test.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 package sftp
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ func TestSftp(t *testing.T) {
 		opt.User = testUser
 		opt.Pass = testPass
 
-		w := newServer(f, &opt)
+		w := newServer(context.Background(), f, &opt)
 		require.NoError(t, w.serve())
 
 		// Read the host and port we started on
diff --git a/cmd/serve/webdav/webdav.go b/cmd/serve/webdav/webdav.go
index 37cc34860..049f1acf6 100644
--- a/cmd/serve/webdav/webdav.go
+++ b/cmd/serve/webdav/webdav.go
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Use "rclone hashsum" to see the full list.
 			fs.Debugf(f, "Using hash %v for ETag", hashType)
 		}
 		cmd.Run(false, false, command, func() error {
-			s := newWebDAV(f, &httpflags.Opt)
+			s := newWebDAV(context.Background(), f, &httpflags.Opt)
 			err := s.serve()
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -114,18 +114,20 @@ type WebDAV struct {
 	_vfs          *vfs.VFS // don't use directly, use getVFS
 	webdavhandler *webdav.Handler
 	proxy         *proxy.Proxy
+	ctx           context.Context // for global config
 }
 
 // check interface
 var _ webdav.FileSystem = (*WebDAV)(nil)
 
 // Make a new WebDAV to serve the remote
-func newWebDAV(f fs.Fs, opt *httplib.Options) *WebDAV {
+func newWebDAV(ctx context.Context, f fs.Fs, opt *httplib.Options) *WebDAV {
 	w := &WebDAV{
-		f: f,
+		f:   f,
+		ctx: ctx,
 	}
 	if proxyflags.Opt.AuthProxy != "" {
-		w.proxy = proxy.New(&proxyflags.Opt)
+		w.proxy = proxy.New(ctx, &proxyflags.Opt)
 		// override auth
 		copyOpt := *opt
 		copyOpt.Auth = w.auth
diff --git a/cmd/serve/webdav/webdav_test.go b/cmd/serve/webdav/webdav_test.go
index 8e461873a..32c50abbd 100644
--- a/cmd/serve/webdav/webdav_test.go
+++ b/cmd/serve/webdav/webdav_test.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 package webdav
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"flag"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ func TestWebDav(t *testing.T) {
 		hashType = hash.MD5
 
 		// Start the server
-		w := newWebDAV(f, &opt)
+		w := newWebDAV(context.Background(), f, &opt)
 		assert.NoError(t, w.serve())
 
 		// Config for the backend we'll use to connect to the server
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ func TestHTTPFunction(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, filter.Active.AddRule("- hidden/**"))
 
 	// Uses the same test files as http tests but with different golden.
-	f, err := fs.NewFs("../http/testdata/files")
+	f, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), "../http/testdata/files")
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 	opt := httplib.DefaultOpt
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ func TestHTTPFunction(t *testing.T) {
 	opt.Template = testTemplate
 
 	// Start the server
-	w := newWebDAV(f, &opt)
+	w := newWebDAV(context.Background(), f, &opt)
 	assert.NoError(t, w.serve())
 	defer func() {
 		w.Close()
diff --git a/cmd/tree/tree_test.go b/cmd/tree/tree_test.go
index 5e1119fbf..7d0f3cbe6 100644
--- a/cmd/tree/tree_test.go
+++ b/cmd/tree/tree_test.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package tree
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/a8m/tree"
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ func TestTree(t *testing.T) {
 
 	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
 
-	f, err := fs.NewFs("testfiles")
+	f, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), "testfiles")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	err = Tree(f, buf, new(tree.Options))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
diff --git a/fs/cache/cache.go b/fs/cache/cache.go
index 8257ea0dc..106c0bbc5 100644
--- a/fs/cache/cache.go
+++ b/fs/cache/cache.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 package cache
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"runtime"
 	"sync"
 
@@ -40,11 +41,11 @@ func addMapping(fsString, canonicalName string) {
 
 // GetFn gets an fs.Fs named fsString either from the cache or creates
 // it afresh with the create function
-func GetFn(fsString string, create func(fsString string) (fs.Fs, error)) (f fs.Fs, err error) {
+func GetFn(ctx context.Context, fsString string, create func(ctx context.Context, fsString string) (fs.Fs, error)) (f fs.Fs, err error) {
 	fsString = Canonicalize(fsString)
 	created := false
 	value, err := c.Get(fsString, func(fsString string) (f interface{}, ok bool, err error) {
-		f, err = create(fsString)
+		f, err = create(ctx, fsString)
 		ok = err == nil || err == fs.ErrorIsFile
 		created = ok
 		return f, ok, err
@@ -99,8 +100,8 @@ func Unpin(f fs.Fs) {
 }
 
 // Get gets an fs.Fs named fsString either from the cache or creates it afresh
-func Get(fsString string) (f fs.Fs, err error) {
-	return GetFn(fsString, fs.NewFs)
+func Get(ctx context.Context, fsString string) (f fs.Fs, err error) {
+	return GetFn(ctx, fsString, fs.NewFs)
 }
 
 // Put puts an fs.Fs named fsString into the cache
diff --git a/fs/cache/cache_test.go b/fs/cache/cache_test.go
index 56ad4231c..72e6ee019 100644
--- a/fs/cache/cache_test.go
+++ b/fs/cache/cache_test.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package cache
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -15,9 +16,9 @@ var (
 	errSentinel = errors.New("an error")
 )
 
-func mockNewFs(t *testing.T) (func(), func(path string) (fs.Fs, error)) {
+func mockNewFs(t *testing.T) (func(), func(ctx context.Context, path string) (fs.Fs, error)) {
 	called = 0
-	create := func(path string) (f fs.Fs, err error) {
+	create := func(ctx context.Context, path string) (f fs.Fs, err error) {
 		assert.Equal(t, 0, called)
 		called++
 		switch path {
@@ -43,12 +44,12 @@ func TestGet(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, c.Entries())
 
-	f, err := GetFn("mock:/", create)
+	f, err := GetFn(context.Background(), "mock:/", create)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, 1, c.Entries())
 
-	f2, err := GetFn("mock:/", create)
+	f2, err := GetFn(context.Background(), "mock:/", create)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, f, f2)
@@ -60,20 +61,20 @@ func TestGetFile(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, c.Entries())
 
-	f, err := GetFn("mock:/file.txt", create)
+	f, err := GetFn(context.Background(), "mock:/file.txt", create)
 	require.Equal(t, fs.ErrorIsFile, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, f)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, 2, c.Entries())
 
-	f2, err := GetFn("mock:/file.txt", create)
+	f2, err := GetFn(context.Background(), "mock:/file.txt", create)
 	require.Equal(t, fs.ErrorIsFile, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, f2)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, f, f2)
 
 	// check parent is there too
-	f2, err = GetFn("mock:/", create)
+	f2, err = GetFn(context.Background(), "mock:/", create)
 	require.Nil(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, f2)
 
@@ -86,20 +87,20 @@ func TestGetFile2(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, c.Entries())
 
-	f, err := GetFn("mock:file.txt", create)
+	f, err := GetFn(context.Background(), "mock:file.txt", create)
 	require.Equal(t, fs.ErrorIsFile, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, f)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, 2, c.Entries())
 
-	f2, err := GetFn("mock:file.txt", create)
+	f2, err := GetFn(context.Background(), "mock:file.txt", create)
 	require.Equal(t, fs.ErrorIsFile, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, f2)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, f, f2)
 
 	// check parent is there too
-	f2, err = GetFn("mock:/", create)
+	f2, err = GetFn(context.Background(), "mock:/", create)
 	require.Nil(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, f2)
 
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ func TestGetError(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, c.Entries())
 
-	f, err := GetFn("mock:/error", create)
+	f, err := GetFn(context.Background(), "mock:/error", create)
 	require.Equal(t, errSentinel, err)
 	require.Equal(t, nil, f)
 
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ func TestPut(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.Equal(t, 1, c.Entries())
 
-	fNew, err := GetFn("mock:/alien", create)
+	fNew, err := GetFn(context.Background(), "mock:/alien", create)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, f, fNew)
 
@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ func TestPut(t *testing.T) {
 
 	Put("mock:/alien/", f)
 
-	fNew, err = GetFn("mock:/alien/", create)
+	fNew, err = GetFn(context.Background(), "mock:/alien/", create)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, f, fNew)
 
@@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ func TestPin(t *testing.T) {
 	Unpin(f)
 
 	// Now test pinning an existing
-	f2, err := GetFn("mock:/", create)
+	f2, err := GetFn(context.Background(), "mock:/", create)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	Pin(f2)
 	Unpin(f2)
@@ -170,7 +171,7 @@ func TestClear(t *testing.T) {
 	defer cleanup()
 
 	// Create something
-	_, err := GetFn("mock:/", create)
+	_, err := GetFn(context.Background(), "mock:/", create)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, 1, c.Entries())
diff --git a/fs/fs.go b/fs/fs.go
index 6e416cdfe..b53c641b9 100644
--- a/fs/fs.go
+++ b/fs/fs.go
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ type RegInfo struct {
 	// Create a new file system.  If root refers to an existing
 	// object, then it should return an Fs which which points to
 	// the parent of that object and ErrorIsFile.
-	NewFs func(name string, root string, config configmap.Mapper) (Fs, error) `json:"-"`
+	NewFs func(ctx context.Context, name string, root string, config configmap.Mapper) (Fs, error) `json:"-"`
 	// Function to call to help with config
 	Config func(name string, config configmap.Mapper) `json:"-"`
 	// Options for the Fs configuration
@@ -1339,13 +1339,13 @@ func ConfigFs(path string) (fsInfo *RegInfo, configName, fsPath string, config *
 //
 // On Windows avoid single character remote names as they can be mixed
 // up with drive letters.
-func NewFs(path string) (Fs, error) {
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, path string) (Fs, error) {
 	Debugf(nil, "Creating backend with remote %q", path)
 	fsInfo, configName, fsPath, config, err := ConfigFs(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return fsInfo.NewFs(configName, fsPath, config)
+	return fsInfo.NewFs(ctx, configName, fsPath, config)
 }
 
 // ConfigString returns a canonical version of the config string used
@@ -1362,7 +1362,7 @@ func ConfigString(f Fs) string {
 // TemporaryLocalFs creates a local FS in the OS's temporary directory.
 //
 // No cleanup is performed, the caller must call Purge on the Fs themselves.
-func TemporaryLocalFs() (Fs, error) {
+func TemporaryLocalFs(ctx context.Context) (Fs, error) {
 	path, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "rclone-spool")
 	if err == nil {
 		err = os.Remove(path)
@@ -1371,7 +1371,7 @@ func TemporaryLocalFs() (Fs, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	path = filepath.ToSlash(path)
-	return NewFs(path)
+	return NewFs(ctx, path)
 }
 
 // CheckClose is a utility function used to check the return from
diff --git a/fs/operations/check_test.go b/fs/operations/check_test.go
index ed9dc8dc8..8dda7b172 100644
--- a/fs/operations/check_test.go
+++ b/fs/operations/check_test.go
@@ -182,11 +182,11 @@ func TestCheck(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCheckFsError(t *testing.T) {
-	dstFs, err := fs.NewFs("non-existent")
+	dstFs, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), "non-existent")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	srcFs, err := fs.NewFs("non-existent")
+	srcFs, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), "non-existent")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
diff --git a/fs/operations/operations.go b/fs/operations/operations.go
index 406e27a1c..784e50c86 100644
--- a/fs/operations/operations.go
+++ b/fs/operations/operations.go
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ func Rcat(ctx context.Context, fdst fs.Fs, dstFileName string, in io.ReadCloser,
 	canStream := fdst.Features().PutStream != nil
 	if !canStream {
 		fs.Debugf(fdst, "Target remote doesn't support streaming uploads, creating temporary local FS to spool file")
-		tmpLocalFs, err := fs.TemporaryLocalFs()
+		tmpLocalFs, err := fs.TemporaryLocalFs(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Failed to create temporary local FS to spool file")
 		}
@@ -1262,8 +1262,8 @@ func Rmdirs(ctx context.Context, f fs.Fs, dir string, leaveRoot bool) error {
 }
 
 // GetCompareDest sets up --compare-dest
-func GetCompareDest() (CompareDest fs.Fs, err error) {
-	CompareDest, err = cache.Get(fs.Config.CompareDest)
+func GetCompareDest(ctx context.Context) (CompareDest fs.Fs, err error) {
+	CompareDest, err = cache.Get(ctx, fs.Config.CompareDest)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fserrors.FatalError(errors.Errorf("Failed to make fs for --compare-dest %q: %v", fs.Config.CompareDest, err))
 	}
@@ -1298,8 +1298,8 @@ func compareDest(ctx context.Context, dst, src fs.Object, CompareDest fs.Fs) (No
 }
 
 // GetCopyDest sets up --copy-dest
-func GetCopyDest(fdst fs.Fs) (CopyDest fs.Fs, err error) {
-	CopyDest, err = cache.Get(fs.Config.CopyDest)
+func GetCopyDest(ctx context.Context, fdst fs.Fs) (CopyDest fs.Fs, err error) {
+	CopyDest, err = cache.Get(ctx, fs.Config.CopyDest)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fserrors.FatalError(errors.Errorf("Failed to make fs for --copy-dest %q: %v", fs.Config.CopyDest, err))
 	}
@@ -1530,9 +1530,9 @@ func CopyURLToWriter(ctx context.Context, url string, out io.Writer) (err error)
 }
 
 // BackupDir returns the correctly configured --backup-dir
-func BackupDir(fdst fs.Fs, fsrc fs.Fs, srcFileName string) (backupDir fs.Fs, err error) {
+func BackupDir(ctx context.Context, fdst fs.Fs, fsrc fs.Fs, srcFileName string) (backupDir fs.Fs, err error) {
 	if fs.Config.BackupDir != "" {
-		backupDir, err = cache.Get(fs.Config.BackupDir)
+		backupDir, err = cache.Get(ctx, fs.Config.BackupDir)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fserrors.FatalError(errors.Errorf("Failed to make fs for --backup-dir %q: %v", fs.Config.BackupDir, err))
 		}
@@ -1636,18 +1636,18 @@ func moveOrCopyFile(ctx context.Context, fdst fs.Fs, fsrc fs.Fs, dstFileName str
 
 	var backupDir, copyDestDir fs.Fs
 	if fs.Config.BackupDir != "" || fs.Config.Suffix != "" {
-		backupDir, err = BackupDir(fdst, fsrc, srcFileName)
+		backupDir, err = BackupDir(ctx, fdst, fsrc, srcFileName)
 		if err != nil {
 			return errors.Wrap(err, "creating Fs for --backup-dir failed")
 		}
 	}
 	if fs.Config.CompareDest != "" {
-		copyDestDir, err = GetCompareDest()
+		copyDestDir, err = GetCompareDest(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	} else if fs.Config.CopyDest != "" {
-		copyDestDir, err = GetCopyDest(fdst)
+		copyDestDir, err = GetCopyDest(ctx, fdst)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
diff --git a/fs/operations/operations_test.go b/fs/operations/operations_test.go
index f35ed49cd..102fb3ec3 100644
--- a/fs/operations/operations_test.go
+++ b/fs/operations/operations_test.go
@@ -819,7 +819,7 @@ func TestCopyFileCompareDest(t *testing.T) {
 	defer func() {
 		fs.Config.CompareDest = ""
 	}()
-	fdst, err := fs.NewFs(r.FremoteName + "/dst")
+	fdst, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), r.FremoteName+"/dst")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// check empty dest, empty compare
@@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ func TestCopyFileCopyDest(t *testing.T) {
 		fs.Config.CopyDest = ""
 	}()
 
-	fdst, err := fs.NewFs(r.FremoteName + "/dst")
+	fdst, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), r.FremoteName+"/dst")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// check empty dest, empty copy
diff --git a/fs/operations/rc.go b/fs/operations/rc.go
index 755d46285..380608844 100644
--- a/fs/operations/rc.go
+++ b/fs/operations/rc.go
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ See the [lsjson command](/commands/rclone_lsjson/) for more information on the a
 
 // List the directory
 func rcList(ctx context.Context, in rc.Params) (out rc.Params, err error) {
-	f, remote, err := rc.GetFsAndRemote(in)
+	f, remote, err := rc.GetFsAndRemote(ctx, in)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ See the [about command](/commands/rclone_size/) command for more information on
 
 // About the remote
 func rcAbout(ctx context.Context, in rc.Params) (out rc.Params, err error) {
-	f, err := rc.GetFs(in)
+	f, err := rc.GetFs(ctx, in)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -131,11 +131,11 @@ func init() {
 
 // Copy a file
 func rcMoveOrCopyFile(ctx context.Context, in rc.Params, cp bool) (out rc.Params, err error) {
-	srcFs, srcRemote, err := rc.GetFsAndRemoteNamed(in, "srcFs", "srcRemote")
+	srcFs, srcRemote, err := rc.GetFsAndRemoteNamed(ctx, in, "srcFs", "srcRemote")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	dstFs, dstRemote, err := rc.GetFsAndRemoteNamed(in, "dstFs", "dstRemote")
+	dstFs, dstRemote, err := rc.GetFsAndRemoteNamed(ctx, in, "dstFs", "dstRemote")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -190,9 +190,9 @@ func rcSingleCommand(ctx context.Context, in rc.Params, name string, noRemote bo
 		remote string
 	)
 	if noRemote {
-		f, err = rc.GetFs(in)
+		f, err = rc.GetFs(ctx, in)
 	} else {
-		f, remote, err = rc.GetFsAndRemote(in)
+		f, remote, err = rc.GetFsAndRemote(ctx, in)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ See the [size command](/commands/rclone_size/) command for more information on t
 
 // Size a directory
 func rcSize(ctx context.Context, in rc.Params) (out rc.Params, err error) {
-	f, err := rc.GetFs(in)
+	f, err := rc.GetFs(ctx, in)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ See the [link command](/commands/rclone_link/) command for more information on t
 
 // Make a public link
 func rcPublicLink(ctx context.Context, in rc.Params) (out rc.Params, err error) {
-	f, remote, err := rc.GetFsAndRemote(in)
+	f, remote, err := rc.GetFsAndRemote(ctx, in)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ This command does not have a command line equivalent so use this instead:
 
 // Fsinfo the remote
 func rcFsInfo(ctx context.Context, in rc.Params) (out rc.Params, err error) {
-	f, err := rc.GetFs(in)
+	f, err := rc.GetFs(ctx, in)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ See the [backend](/commands/rclone_backend/) command for more information.
 
 // Make a public link
 func rcBackend(ctx context.Context, in rc.Params) (out rc.Params, err error) {
-	f, err := rc.GetFs(in)
+	f, err := rc.GetFs(ctx, in)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/fs/rc/cache.go b/fs/rc/cache.go
index d821f5c09..958a1db3f 100644
--- a/fs/rc/cache.go
+++ b/fs/rc/cache.go
@@ -3,34 +3,36 @@
 package rc
 
 import (
+	"context"
+
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/cache"
 )
 
 // GetFsNamed gets an fs.Fs named fsName either from the cache or creates it afresh
-func GetFsNamed(in Params, fsName string) (f fs.Fs, err error) {
+func GetFsNamed(ctx context.Context, in Params, fsName string) (f fs.Fs, err error) {
 	fsString, err := in.GetString(fsName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return cache.Get(fsString)
+	return cache.Get(ctx, fsString)
 }
 
 // GetFs gets an fs.Fs named "fs" either from the cache or creates it afresh
-func GetFs(in Params) (f fs.Fs, err error) {
-	return GetFsNamed(in, "fs")
+func GetFs(ctx context.Context, in Params) (f fs.Fs, err error) {
+	return GetFsNamed(ctx, in, "fs")
 }
 
 // GetFsAndRemoteNamed gets the fsName parameter from in, makes a
 // remote or fetches it from the cache then gets the remoteName
 // parameter from in too.
-func GetFsAndRemoteNamed(in Params, fsName, remoteName string) (f fs.Fs, remote string, err error) {
+func GetFsAndRemoteNamed(ctx context.Context, in Params, fsName, remoteName string) (f fs.Fs, remote string, err error) {
 	remote, err = in.GetString(remoteName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
-	f, err = GetFsNamed(in, fsName)
+	f, err = GetFsNamed(ctx, in, fsName)
 	return
 
 }
@@ -38,6 +40,6 @@ func GetFsAndRemoteNamed(in Params, fsName, remoteName string) (f fs.Fs, remote
 // GetFsAndRemote gets the `fs` parameter from in, makes a remote or
 // fetches it from the cache then gets the `remote` parameter from in
 // too.
-func GetFsAndRemote(in Params) (f fs.Fs, remote string, err error) {
-	return GetFsAndRemoteNamed(in, "fs", "remote")
+func GetFsAndRemote(ctx context.Context, in Params) (f fs.Fs, remote string, err error) {
+	return GetFsAndRemoteNamed(ctx, in, "fs", "remote")
 }
diff --git a/fs/rc/cache_test.go b/fs/rc/cache_test.go
index bad753417..19d935d36 100644
--- a/fs/rc/cache_test.go
+++ b/fs/rc/cache_test.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package rc
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/cache"
@@ -23,14 +24,14 @@ func TestGetFsNamed(t *testing.T) {
 	in := Params{
 		"potato": "/",
 	}
-	f, err := GetFsNamed(in, "potato")
+	f, err := GetFsNamed(context.Background(), in, "potato")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.NotNil(t, f)
 
 	in = Params{
 		"sausage": "/",
 	}
-	f, err = GetFsNamed(in, "potato")
+	f, err = GetFsNamed(context.Background(), in, "potato")
 	require.Error(t, err)
 	assert.Nil(t, f)
 }
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ func TestGetFs(t *testing.T) {
 	in := Params{
 		"fs": "/",
 	}
-	f, err := GetFs(in)
+	f, err := GetFs(context.Background(), in)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.NotNil(t, f)
 }
@@ -53,16 +54,16 @@ func TestGetFsAndRemoteNamed(t *testing.T) {
 		"fs":     "/",
 		"remote": "hello",
 	}
-	f, remote, err := GetFsAndRemoteNamed(in, "fs", "remote")
+	f, remote, err := GetFsAndRemoteNamed(context.Background(), in, "fs", "remote")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.NotNil(t, f)
 	assert.Equal(t, "hello", remote)
 
-	f, _, err = GetFsAndRemoteNamed(in, "fsX", "remote")
+	f, _, err = GetFsAndRemoteNamed(context.Background(), in, "fsX", "remote")
 	require.Error(t, err)
 	assert.Nil(t, f)
 
-	f, _, err = GetFsAndRemoteNamed(in, "fs", "remoteX")
+	f, _, err = GetFsAndRemoteNamed(context.Background(), in, "fs", "remoteX")
 	require.Error(t, err)
 	assert.Nil(t, f)
 
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ func TestGetFsAndRemote(t *testing.T) {
 		"fs":     "/",
 		"remote": "hello",
 	}
-	f, remote, err := GetFsAndRemote(in)
+	f, remote, err := GetFsAndRemote(context.Background(), in)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.NotNil(t, f)
 	assert.Equal(t, "hello", remote)
diff --git a/fs/rc/rcserver/rcserver.go b/fs/rc/rcserver/rcserver.go
index 6204c4810..4b904d7fa 100644
--- a/fs/rc/rcserver/rcserver.go
+++ b/fs/rc/rcserver/rcserver.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 package rcserver
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"flag"
@@ -49,11 +50,11 @@ func init() {
 // Start the remote control server if configured
 //
 // If the server wasn't configured the *Server returned may be nil
-func Start(opt *rc.Options) (*Server, error) {
+func Start(ctx context.Context, opt *rc.Options) (*Server, error) {
 	jobs.SetOpt(opt) // set the defaults for jobs
 	if opt.Enabled {
 		// Serve on the DefaultServeMux so can have global registrations appear
-		s := newServer(opt, http.DefaultServeMux)
+		s := newServer(ctx, opt, http.DefaultServeMux)
 		return s, s.Serve()
 	}
 	return nil, nil
@@ -62,12 +63,13 @@ func Start(opt *rc.Options) (*Server, error) {
 // Server contains everything to run the rc server
 type Server struct {
 	*httplib.Server
+	ctx            context.Context // for global config
 	files          http.Handler
 	pluginsHandler http.Handler
 	opt            *rc.Options
 }
 
-func newServer(opt *rc.Options, mux *http.ServeMux) *Server {
+func newServer(ctx context.Context, opt *rc.Options, mux *http.ServeMux) *Server {
 	fileHandler := http.Handler(nil)
 	pluginsHandler := http.Handler(nil)
 	// Add some more mime types which are often missing
@@ -113,6 +115,7 @@ func newServer(opt *rc.Options, mux *http.ServeMux) *Server {
 
 	s := &Server{
 		Server:         httplib.NewServer(mux, &opt.HTTPOptions),
+		ctx:            ctx,
 		opt:            opt,
 		files:          fileHandler,
 		pluginsHandler: pluginsHandler,
@@ -332,7 +335,7 @@ func (s *Server) serveRoot(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 }
 
 func (s *Server) serveRemote(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, path string, fsName string) {
-	f, err := cache.Get(fsName)
+	f, err := cache.Get(s.ctx, fsName)
 	if err != nil {
 		writeError(path, nil, w, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to make Fs"), http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
diff --git a/fs/rc/rcserver/rcserver_test.go b/fs/rc/rcserver/rcserver_test.go
index 3bcfcbc81..678157b5d 100644
--- a/fs/rc/rcserver/rcserver_test.go
+++ b/fs/rc/rcserver/rcserver_test.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package rcserver
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ func TestRcServer(t *testing.T) {
 	opt.Serve = true
 	opt.Files = testFs
 	mux := http.NewServeMux()
-	rcServer := newServer(&opt, mux)
+	rcServer := newServer(context.Background(), &opt, mux)
 	assert.NoError(t, rcServer.Serve())
 	defer func() {
 		rcServer.Close()
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ type testRun struct {
 func testServer(t *testing.T, tests []testRun, opt *rc.Options) {
 	mux := http.NewServeMux()
 	opt.HTTPOptions.Template = testTemplate
-	rcServer := newServer(opt, mux)
+	rcServer := newServer(context.Background(), opt, mux)
 	for _, test := range tests {
 		t.Run(test.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			method := test.Method
diff --git a/fs/sync/rc.go b/fs/sync/rc.go
index 50c360d48..b00d2adb1 100644
--- a/fs/sync/rc.go
+++ b/fs/sync/rc.go
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ See the [` + name + ` command](/commands/rclone_` + name + `/) command for more
 
 // Sync/Copy/Move a file
 func rcSyncCopyMove(ctx context.Context, in rc.Params, name string) (out rc.Params, err error) {
-	srcFs, err := rc.GetFsNamed(in, "srcFs")
+	srcFs, err := rc.GetFsNamed(ctx, in, "srcFs")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	dstFs, err := rc.GetFsNamed(in, "dstFs")
+	dstFs, err := rc.GetFsNamed(ctx, in, "dstFs")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/fs/sync/sync.go b/fs/sync/sync.go
index ff33713b5..ee257d57e 100644
--- a/fs/sync/sync.go
+++ b/fs/sync/sync.go
@@ -201,20 +201,20 @@ func newSyncCopyMove(ctx context.Context, fdst, fsrc fs.Fs, deleteMode fs.Delete
 	// Make Fs for --backup-dir if required
 	if fs.Config.BackupDir != "" || fs.Config.Suffix != "" {
 		var err error
-		s.backupDir, err = operations.BackupDir(fdst, fsrc, "")
+		s.backupDir, err = operations.BackupDir(ctx, fdst, fsrc, "")
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
 	if fs.Config.CompareDest != "" {
 		var err error
-		s.compareCopyDest, err = operations.GetCompareDest()
+		s.compareCopyDest, err = operations.GetCompareDest(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	} else if fs.Config.CopyDest != "" {
 		var err error
-		s.compareCopyDest, err = operations.GetCopyDest(fdst)
+		s.compareCopyDest, err = operations.GetCopyDest(ctx, fdst)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
diff --git a/fs/sync/sync_test.go b/fs/sync/sync_test.go
index 1ac6f5494..4b20bfbd6 100644
--- a/fs/sync/sync_test.go
+++ b/fs/sync/sync_test.go
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func TestCopyMissingDirectory(t *testing.T) {
 	defer r.Finalise()
 	r.Mkdir(context.Background(), r.Fremote)
 
-	nonExistingFs, err := fs.NewFs("/non-existing")
+	nonExistingFs, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), "/non-existing")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -1359,7 +1359,7 @@ func TestServerSideMoveOverlap(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	subRemoteName := r.FremoteName + "/rclone-move-test"
-	FremoteMove, err := fs.NewFs(subRemoteName)
+	FremoteMove, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), subRemoteName)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	file1 := r.WriteObject(context.Background(), "potato2", "------------------------------------------------------------", t1)
@@ -1384,7 +1384,7 @@ func TestSyncOverlap(t *testing.T) {
 	defer r.Finalise()
 
 	subRemoteName := r.FremoteName + "/rclone-sync-test"
-	FremoteSync, err := fs.NewFs(subRemoteName)
+	FremoteSync, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), subRemoteName)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	checkErr := func(err error) {
@@ -1409,7 +1409,7 @@ func TestSyncCompareDest(t *testing.T) {
 		fs.Config.CompareDest = ""
 	}()
 
-	fdst, err := fs.NewFs(r.FremoteName + "/dst")
+	fdst, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), r.FremoteName+"/dst")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// check empty dest, empty compare
@@ -1500,7 +1500,7 @@ func TestSyncCopyDest(t *testing.T) {
 		fs.Config.CopyDest = ""
 	}()
 
-	fdst, err := fs.NewFs(r.FremoteName + "/dst")
+	fdst, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), r.FremoteName+"/dst")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// check empty dest, empty copy
@@ -1635,7 +1635,7 @@ func testSyncBackupDir(t *testing.T, backupDir string, suffix string, suffixKeep
 	fstest.CheckItems(t, r.Fremote, file1, file2, file3)
 	fstest.CheckItems(t, r.Flocal, file1a, file2a)
 
-	fdst, err := fs.NewFs(r.FremoteName + "/dst")
+	fdst, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), r.FremoteName+"/dst")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	accounting.GlobalStats().ResetCounters()
@@ -1723,7 +1723,7 @@ func testSyncSuffix(t *testing.T, suffix string, suffixKeepExtension bool) {
 	fstest.CheckItems(t, r.Fremote, file1, file2, file3)
 	fstest.CheckItems(t, r.Flocal, file1a, file2a, file3a)
 
-	fdst, err := fs.NewFs(r.FremoteName + "/dst")
+	fdst, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), r.FremoteName+"/dst")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	accounting.GlobalStats().ResetCounters()
diff --git a/fstest/fstest.go b/fstest/fstest.go
index 8b30c3c96..00db45273 100644
--- a/fstest/fstest.go
+++ b/fstest/fstest.go
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ func RandomRemote() (fs.Fs, string, func(), error) {
 		return nil, "", nil, err
 	}
 
-	remote, err := fs.NewFs(remoteName)
+	remote, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), remoteName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/fstest/fstests/fstests.go b/fstest/fstests/fstests.go
index 66db1e1e1..8a506df88 100644
--- a/fstest/fstests/fstests.go
+++ b/fstest/fstests/fstests.go
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ func Run(t *testing.T, opt *Opt) {
 	// remote - the result of  fs.NewFs(TestRemote:subRemoteName)
 	subRemoteName, subRemoteLeaf, err = fstest.RandomRemoteName(remoteName)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	remote, err = fs.NewFs(subRemoteName)
+	remote, err = fs.NewFs(context.Background(), subRemoteName)
 	if err == fs.ErrorNotFoundInConfigFile {
 		t.Logf("Didn't find %q in config file - skipping tests", remoteName)
 		return
@@ -889,7 +889,7 @@ func Run(t *testing.T, opt *Opt) {
 			// TestFsListDirRoot tests that DirList works in the root
 			TestFsListDirRoot := func(t *testing.T) {
 				skipIfNotOk(t)
-				rootRemote, err := fs.NewFs(remoteName)
+				rootRemote, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), remoteName)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				_, dirs, err := walk.GetAll(ctx, rootRemote, "", true, 1)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -1374,7 +1374,7 @@ func Run(t *testing.T, opt *Opt) {
 				remoteName := subRemoteName + "/" + file2.Path
 				file2Copy := file2
 				file2Copy.Path = "z.txt"
-				fileRemote, err := fs.NewFs(remoteName)
+				fileRemote, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), remoteName)
 				require.NotNil(t, fileRemote)
 				assert.Equal(t, fs.ErrorIsFile, err)
 
@@ -1390,7 +1390,7 @@ func Run(t *testing.T, opt *Opt) {
 			t.Run("FsIsFileNotFound", func(t *testing.T) {
 				skipIfNotOk(t)
 				remoteName := subRemoteName + "/not found.txt"
-				fileRemote, err := fs.NewFs(remoteName)
+				fileRemote, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), remoteName)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				fstest.CheckListing(t, fileRemote, []fstest.Item{})
 			})
@@ -1409,7 +1409,7 @@ func Run(t *testing.T, opt *Opt) {
 					configName += ":"
 				}
 				t.Logf("Opening root remote %q path %q from %q", configName, configLeaf, subRemoteName)
-				rootRemote, err := fs.NewFs(configName)
+				rootRemote, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), configName)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 
 				file1Root := file1
@@ -1851,7 +1851,7 @@ func Run(t *testing.T, opt *Opt) {
 		// https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/3164.
 		t.Run("FsRootCollapse", func(t *testing.T) {
 			deepRemoteName := subRemoteName + "/deeper/nonexisting/directory"
-			deepRemote, err := fs.NewFs(deepRemoteName)
+			deepRemote, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), deepRemoteName)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			colonIndex := strings.IndexRune(deepRemoteName, ':')
diff --git a/fstest/run.go b/fstest/run.go
index 532fe3a84..3cd8ebc24 100644
--- a/fstest/run.go
+++ b/fstest/run.go
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func newRun() *Run {
 		r.Fatalf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
 	}
 	r.LocalName = filepath.ToSlash(r.LocalName)
-	r.Flocal, err = fs.NewFs(r.LocalName)
+	r.Flocal, err = fs.NewFs(context.Background(), r.LocalName)
 	if err != nil {
 		r.Fatalf("Failed to make %q: %v", r.LocalName, err)
 	}
diff --git a/fstest/test_all/clean.go b/fstest/test_all/clean.go
index 3eb40ca4d..7cda57093 100644
--- a/fstest/test_all/clean.go
+++ b/fstest/test_all/clean.go
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ var MatchTestRemote = regexp.MustCompile(`^rclone-test-[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwx
 
 // cleanFs runs a single clean fs for left over directories
 func cleanFs(ctx context.Context, remote string, cleanup bool) error {
-	f, err := fs.NewFs(remote)
+	f, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), remote)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ func cleanFs(ctx context.Context, remote string, cleanup bool) error {
 				return nil
 			}
 			log.Printf("Purging %s", fullPath)
-			dir, err := fs.NewFs(fullPath)
+			dir, err := fs.NewFs(context.Background(), fullPath)
 			if err != nil {
 				err = errors.Wrap(err, "NewFs failed")
 				lastErr = err
diff --git a/vfs/vfscache/cache.go b/vfs/vfscache/cache.go
index 5a5dd8fa6..895c8b93a 100644
--- a/vfs/vfscache/cache.go
+++ b/vfs/vfscache/cache.go
@@ -86,11 +86,11 @@ func New(ctx context.Context, fremote fs.Fs, opt *vfscommon.Options, avFn AddVir
 	metaRoot := file.UNCPath(filepath.Join(config.CacheDir, "vfsMeta", fremote.Name(), fRoot))
 	fs.Debugf(nil, "vfs cache: metadata root is %q", root)
 
-	fcache, err := fscache.Get(root)
+	fcache, err := fscache.Get(ctx, root)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to create cache remote")
 	}
-	fcacheMeta, err := fscache.Get(root)
+	fcacheMeta, err := fscache.Get(ctx, root)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to create cache meta remote")
 	}